When a storm or outage takes down power, the first thing most people reach for is their phone. Sometimes it works, and sometimes it doesn't. Cell towers need backhaul and power, networks jam under heavy load, and phone batteries die. A resilient plan uses layers, so no single failure leaves you silent.
The options at a glance
| Option | License? | Typical real-world range | Needs outside infrastructure? | Ongoing cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell phone / texting | No | Anywhere with tower coverage | Yes: towers, backhaul, power | Monthly plan |
| FRS handheld | No | About ½–2 miles in real terrain | No | None |
| GMRS | Yes: FCC license, no exam; one license covers your immediate family | 1–5 miles handheld; more with vehicle radios or repeaters | No (repeaters optional) | License fee every 10 years (about $35 at the time of writing) |
| Ham (amateur) radio | Yes: FCC exam | Local to worldwide depending on band and equipment | No (repeaters optional) | Gear plus a small exam fee |
| Satellite messenger (e.g., Garmin inReach, ZOLEO) | No | Global, with a clear view of the sky | Satellite network | Subscription plan |
| Starlink | No | Internet anywhere with a clear sky view | Satellites, plus power for the dish | Monthly plan |
Cell phones: useful, not guaranteed
In regional disasters cell sites often stay up for a while on backup batteries or generators, but they can be overloaded or knocked out. Text messages frequently get through when voice calls fail. Keep a charged power bank, turn on low-power mode, and download offline maps before you need them.
One caution: LTE "push-to-talk" walkie-talkies are sold as radios, but they ride on cellular networks. If the towers are down, so are they.
FRS and GMRS: for the family and the neighborhood
Handheld radios are the easiest way to stay in touch with family on your property, in a convoy, or around the block, with no network required. FRS needs no license; GMRS needs an inexpensive FCC license but allows more power, external antennas, and repeaters. Advertised ranges are optimistic: hills, trees, and buildings cut them sharply.
Ham radio: the long game
Amateur radio takes more effort (a license exam and some learning) but gives you the most capability: local repeaters across a region, and shortwave bands that can reach across states or oceans. Ham operators also run organized emergency nets that support local officials during disasters.
Satellite messengers and Starlink
Satellite messengers send text messages and SOS signals from almost anywhere, which makes them a strong last-resort layer for backcountry travel or remote property. They require an active subscription. Starlink is different: it's an internet connection, not a radio. It works well at a rural cabin or homestead where cable and fiber don't reach, but the dish needs power. Budget roughly tens of watts to around 100 W depending on the kit, so check your model's specs and size your battery or solar accordingly.
A layered plan
- Information in: a hand-crank or battery NOAA weather radio. You can't coordinate if you don't know what's happening.
- Local: FRS/GMRS handhelds for family and neighbors.
- Regional: ham radio, if you're willing to learn it.
- Anywhere: a satellite messenger for SOS and short texts.
- Internet: Starlink for rural or off-grid properties, powered by a battery or solar system you've sized for it.
Browse radios, satellite messengers, and rural internet options on our Comms page.